Service factor is the factor that, when applied to rated output, represents the allowable load that can be applied to motor continuously, under specified operating conditions. Note that this refers to continuous overload conditions, i.e., a power reserve that gives the motor a better capacity to withstand adverse operating conditions. Service factor should not be confused with momentary overload capacity during few minutes. A service factor = 1.0 means that the motor has not been designed for continuous operation above its rated output. However, this does not change its capacity to withstand instantaneous overloads. NBR 17094 specifies the most common Service Factors per motor output.
An insulator or dielectric is a substance within which there are no mobile electrons necessary for electric conduction. However, when the voltage applied to such an insulator exceeds a certain value, then it breaks down and allows a heavy electric current (much larger than the usual leakage current) to flow through it. If the insulator is a solid medium, it gets punctured or cracked. The disruptive or breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage required to break it down. Dielectric strength of an insulator or dielectric medium is given by the maximum potential difference which a unit thickness of the medium can withstand without breaking down. In other words, the dielectric strength is given by the potential gradient necessary to cause breakdown of an insulator. Its unit is volt/meter (V/m) although it is usually expressed in KV/mm. For example, when we say that the dielectric strength of air is 3 KV/mm, then it means that the maximum PD which one mm thickness of ...
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